What is OPUS?

Siegen University Library provides a free of charge repository named OPUS Siegen (OPUS = Online PUblication Server) with the purpose to publish, archive and retrieve electronical documents produced at the University of Siegen.

What will you find here?

You will find Open-Access-Publications from all faculties of Siegen University and from the "universi" publishing house. The University Library applies acknowledged quality standards and offers support for publishing your documents.

How to participate?

For uploading documents, sign on to OPUS via Shibboleth using your ZIMT-Account.

Recently published
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    HQET Sum Rules for Hadronic Matrix Elements and Applications to BSM Scenarios
    The Standard Model (SM) remains among the most stringently tested theories in physics, yet it leaves several open questions, including the nature of dark matter and the mechanism behind baryogenesis. Additionally, hadronic uncertainties continue to limit the precision of SM predictions relative to experimental data. To identify potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) effects, it is essential to refine theoretical predictions through effective field theory (EFT) techniques and accurate treatment of non-perturbative contributions. My research focuses on these challenges using Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) and observables related to heavy quark lifetimes and neutral B-meson mixing. Investigations of B-mixing and B-hadron lifetimes serve as a sensitive probe of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and offer an indirect window into BSM physics. The heavy quark expansion (HQE) expresses the total decay rate of B-hadrons as a series in inverse powers of the b-quark mass, allowing a systematic separation of short-distance Wilson coefficients from long-distance hadronic matrix elements. These matrix elements often dominate the theoretical uncertainty in key observables, such as the lifetime ratio $\tau (B^+)/\tau (B_d)$ or the decay rate difference $\Delta \Gamma_s$. While lattice QCD offers precision in the long-term, QCD sum rules provide necessary first estimates. My first main project is computing dimension-six hadronic matrix elements using HQET sum rules, including a complete set of operators involving all BSM Dirac structures. This involves generating three-loop diagrams with a single gluon insertion, performing integration by parts reductions to master integrals, and extracting double discontinuities with advanced complex analysis techniques. An extension of this project will be to determine dimension-seven matrix elements, the dominant source of uncertainty in $\Delta \Gamma_s$, and where current lattice results suffer from very large uncertainties. In a complementary project, I investigate a BSM framework in which CP-violating oscillations and decays of $B$-mesons into a dark sector simultaneously generate the baryon asymmetry and the dark matter relic abundance. A central requirement of this mechanism is a minimal strength of new baryon number violating $b$-quark decay channels, which can be tested using both inclusive and exclusive observables. On the theory side, I compute the relevant inclusive decay rates and their impact on $B$-hadron lifetimes within the HQE, including one and two-loop contributions that depend on the same non-perturbative inputs that appear in the SM lifetime and mixing analyses. This creates a direct link between the HQET sum-rule determination of $\Delta B = 0$ matrix elements at dimension six and concrete constraints on the viable parameter space in certain $B$-mesogenesis models.
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    Publication Open Access
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    Development and Investigation of Polymer Brush-Based Prodrugs and Micropatterned Lipid Bilayer Membranes
    Verbesserte Implantatbeschichtungen werden dringend benötigt, um die Besiedlung durch pathogene Bakterien zu verhindern und damit die Bildung infektionsverursachender Biofilme zu unterbinden. Gleichzeitig sollte die Adhäsion von Wirtszellen gefördert werden, um eine erfolgreiche Integration des Implantats in das umliegende Gewebe zu ermöglichen. Materialien, die diese konkurrierende Besiedlung der Implantatoberfläche – bekannt als „race for the surface“ – zugunsten der Gewebeintegration steuern, müssen dabei hohe biomedizinische Anforderungen erfüllen, darunter Biokompatibilität, Langzeitstabilität und antibakterielle Wirksamkeit. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Verständnis von Polymerbürsten als biomedizinische Beschichtungen zu vertiefen, indem beide Aspekte des „race for the surface“ systematisch untersucht werden. Im ersten Teil wird die Kombination von Polymerbürsten mit Polymer-Prodrugs betrachtet, wodurch eine neue Materialklasse entsteht, die als „Polymerbürsten-Prodrugs“ bezeichnet wird. Hierfür wurden zwei monomere Prodrugs auf Basis der Antibiotika Chloramphenicol und Sulfanilamid synthetisiert. Diese enthalten entweder eine Ester- oder eine Iminbindung als hydrolysierbare Verknüpfung und wurden anschließend zur Herstellung entsprechender Polymerbürsten verwendet. Die resultierenden Materialien wurden umfassend charakterisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit untersucht, unter physiologischen Bedingungen durch hydrolytische Spaltung der Bindungen das jeweilige Antibiotikum freizusetzen. Eine verlängerte Wirkstofffreisetzung konnte ausschließlich für das hydrolytisch labile Imin-System beobachtet werden. Dabei wurden Wirkstoffkonzentrationen erreicht, die ausreichten, um drei planktonische Stämme von Staphylococcus aureus zu inaktivieren. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit legt die Grundlage für neuartige Zellkulturplattformen auf Basis hybrider Systeme, die aus mit Polymerbürsten modifizierten Lipidmembranen bestehen. Durch die Übertragung der oberflächeninitiierten Bürstensynthese mittels reversibler Additions-Fragmentierungs-Kettenübertragungspolymerisation (RAFT) auf einen neu entwickelten UV-induzierten Ansatz konnten Polymerbürsten für die Untersuchung der Zelladhäsion auf diesen Oberflächen hergestellt werden. Es zeigte sich, dass sich die Antifouling-Eigenschaften der modifizierten Membranen gezielt über die Länge der Ethylenglykol-Seitenketten einstellen lassen, wodurch Zelladhäsion entweder ermöglicht oder verhindert werden kann. Darüber hinaus eröffnet die Kettenverlängerung der Polymerbürsten mit einem zweiten Block aus funktionalisierbarem Glycidylmethacrylat die Möglichkeit, spezifische biochemische Motive einzuführen und so zelluläre Reaktionen gezielt zu untersuchen. Insgesamt bietet die entwickelte Plattform neue Möglichkeiten, das Zellverhalten an Polymerbürsten-Grenzflächen detailliert zu analysieren.
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    Polymeric systems for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of bacterial wound infections
    Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for treating and preventing microbial infections, owing to its broad-spectrum activity and low potential for resistance development. For application in future advanced wound dressings, photosensitisers (PSs) must be immobilised or encapsulated to maintain a high local concentration at the site of infection. This Thesis investigates the incorporation of the FDA-approved xanthene dye Phloxine B (PhB) as a PS for aPDT into polymer-based delivery systems. The first part of this work examines the fundamental photophysical behaviour of PhB, including its absorption and emission, pH-dependence, 1O2 generation and photostability. The aPDT activity of PhB was systematically evaluated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), common pathogens found in wound infections, establishing its efficacy as an aPDT agent. Building on these findings, the second part of this Thesis focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyester (PEG-b-polyester) copolymers and their self-assembly into nanoscale assemblies for PhB encapsulation. Copolymers with varying hydrophobic block lengths formed assemblies with diameters ranging from 50-200 nm. As a water-soluble PS, PhB was encapsulated into polymeric vesicles ~200 nm in diameter, achieving dye concentrations >30 µM in the vesicle suspensions. Encapsulated PhB retained its aPDT activity, successfully eradicating both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa after 15 min of green light irradiation. The timescales of the antibacterial studies suggested at most limited internalisation of PhB, motivating the development of immobilised PhB-chitosan (CS) films. The final part of the Thesis therefore explores these PhB-CS films as aPDT surfaces, demonstrating effective inactivation of both planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria upon light activation. Overall, this Thesis advances the integration of PhB into functional polymeric materials for application in advanced wound dressings.
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