Browsing by Organization "Department Erziehungswissenschaft · Psychologie"

This paper examines the question of which special features can be observed in the vocational training area of workshops for disabled people and how these affect the vocational development of the employees. To answer this question, in addition to a theoretical analysis of the topic, participant observations were conducted in a vocational training area of a large institution for the disabled in the north of Baden-Württemberg. The collected data material was evaluated with the help of the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. The result of the work shows that aspects can be found in the vocational training area which promote a transition to the general labor market as well as those which inhibit or even prevent it. By listing these factors the work provides a scientific basic knowledge for the vocational training area of workshops for disabled people, which has been little researched so far.

Das Ziel einer Bewährungsunterstellung ist das straffreie Leben der verurteilten Person. Oftmals wird das Soziale Netzwerk zu einer entscheidenden Stellschraube bei der Strafaussetzung. In die sozialpädagogische Arbeit der Bewährungshilfe wird es vielfach (un-)mittelbar miteinbezogen. Ob und welche (nicht-)intendierten Folgen sich aus der Sozialen Hilfe für die sozialen Beziehungen der Adressat*innen ergeben, wird in dem Buch empirisch beleuchtet. Dabei rücken insbesondere Paarbeziehungen und das Verhältnis zwischen Fachkraft und Adressat*in in den Fokus.

The aim of this work is to look at a large number of variables that are related to the development of the attachment style in the partnership from the literature. In various model selections, it is determined which of the variables have the strongest influence on the attachment style. The partnership attachment style was divided into the two dimensions attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance and was surveyed using the German version of the Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised. The models were selected separately for women and men. Predictors were Parental bonding experiences and current relationship and personality aspects. The study is cross-sectional and most of the data analysis was exploratory. BIC, AIC and deviance statistics were used to determine the best models. 467 subjects participated, 281 women and 186 men. The models rated best according to the mentioned criteria were discussed below and interpreted in a comparative manner in terms of content. There were large parallels between women and men in the models with the predictors of parental bonding experiences. For example, the models for explaining the extent of attachment avoidance in the partnership only contained the predictor lack of emotional warmth of the mother in childhood. In both models with the predictors of the current relationship and personality aspects were clear differences between the sexes.

"Please (Don’t) Die!" The Orphanhood of Adults as an Ambivalent Transition Situation - Examined in Literary Reconstructions of the Sons and Daughters The death of old parents is an event that for middle-aged children is often an experience accompanied by contradictions and feelings of ambivalence. Although it is a normative and thus a principally predictable life event in the course of development over the life span, it has so far hardly found its way into educational science research. This contrasts with the findings of numerous texts by writers who address this stage of life as a significant loss that is often underestimated in its valence. It is precisely this described experience in adulthood which is consciously introduced as “orphanhood”. It forms the subject of research in this dissertation and includes the qualitative analysis of eight autofictional texts on the experience of dying and death of parents in the age range of 70-99 years from the perspective of their children in the middle age range of 40-60 years. In the examined texts, which were written between 1964-2014, the daughters and sons experience the entry into the “orphaned” status as an ambivalent transition situation. The following eight texts are examined : - Simone de Beauvoir (1964) Ein sanfter Tod / A Very Easy Death - Verena Stefan (1993) Es ist reich gewesen - Hermann Kinder (1997) Um Leben und Tod - Josef Winkler (2007) Roppongi. Requiem für einen Vater - Nicola Bardola (2005) Schlemm - Noëlle Châtelet (2005) Die letzte Lektion - David Rieff (2009) Swimming in a Sea of Death. A Son’s Memoir / Tod einer Untröstlichen. Die letzten Tage von Susan Sontag - Emmanuèle Bernheim (2014) Alles ist gut gegangen The experiences reflected in the literary texts are understood as examples of expressive orientation patterns in the field of dying and death. The texts make it clear that this experience is interpreted as (auto-)biographically relevant and that the writing down of the subjective perceptions and accompanying circumstances can be reflected as a possible emotional processing. In terms of methodology, these texts are rated as subjective interpretations presented in narrative terms. The ambivalence concept sensu Kurt Lüscher is used as a meta-theoretical framework. The process of becoming an orphan analysed here refers to a transformation that can change the way we see the world and thus creates ambivalence-sensitive dispositions for possible solutions. The practised approach to the texts together with their linguistic peculiarities underlines the innovative function of literary sources for educational science.

Background: Guided mobile-based interventions may mitigate symptoms of anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, agoraphobia, or social anxiety disorder. With exposure therapy being efficacious in traditional treatments for these isorders, recent advancements have introduced 360° videos to deliver virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) within mobile-based interventions. Objective: Despite ongoing trials evaluating the treatment’s efficacy, research examining patient perceptions of this innovative approach is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore patient opinions on specific treatment aspects of mobile-based interventions using mobile VRET and psychotherapeutic guidance for anxiety disorders. Methods: A total of 11 patients diagnosed with panic disorder, agoraphobia, or social anxiety disorder who had previously taken part in the experimental conditions of 2 randomized controlled trials for a mobile intervention including mobile VRET participated in cross-sectional, retrospective interviews. Using a semistructured interview format, patients were asked to reflect on their treatment experiences; personal changes; helpful and hindering aspects; their motivation levels; and their encounters with the mobile-based intervention, manualized treatment sessions, and the mobile VRET. Results: Thematic analysis led to the formation of 14 themes in four superordinate categories: (1) perceived treatment outcomes, (2) aspects of the mobile intervention, (3) experiences with mobile VRET, and (4) contextual considerations. Patients offered their insights into factors contributing to treatment success or failure, delineated perceived treatment outcomes, and highlighted favorable aspects of the treatment while pointing out shortcomings and suggesting potential enhancements. Most strikingly, while using a blended app-based intervention, patients highlighted the role of psychotherapeutic guidance as a central contributing factor to their symptom improvement. Conclusions: The findings of the thematic analysis and its diverse patient perspectives hold the potential to guide future research to improve mobile-based treatment options for anxiety disorders. Insights from these patient experiences can contribute to refining mobile-based interventions and optimizing the integration of VRET in accordance with patients’ preferences, needs, and expectations.

The delay of gratification (DoG) in children is widely investigated with an experimental procedure originally called the “marshmallow test,” whereas the studies on self-regulation (SR) in adolescents and adults usually use self-report questionnaires. Delay discounting (DD) measures simplify the DoG procedure and focus on monetary rewards. The aim of this study was to investigate age differences in DoG and DD from childhood to old age using a test that is suitable for both children and adults. Furthermore, investigations were conducted on the association between DoG/DD and two future orientation constructs [future time perspective (FTP) and episodic future thinking (EFT)] as well as age differences in these constructs. Participants from five age groups (9–14, 18–25, 35–55, 65–80, 80+) participated in the study (N = 96). While we found no age difference for DoG, DD was the lowest [i.e., self-control (SC) was the highest] in young/middle adults; however, it was the highest (i.e., SC was the lowest) in children and old/oldest adults. Furthermore, we found significant age differences for DD and FTP. As predicted, there were strong correlations between DoG and FTP and between DD and FTP, but not between DoG/DD and EFT. These results indicate that age differences in SR vary across themeasures used. Individuals who generally think and act in a future-oriented manner have a stronger ability to delay gratification.

Experiences of discrimination such as everyday racism can negatively affect the mental and physical health of children and adolescents with an immigrant background and impair their integration process in the host societies. Although experiences of racism are part of the everyday life of many minors affected by the process of “Othering” (e.g., those with an immigrant background), an overview of empirical findings is missing for this age group worldwide. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyze international research on the impact of discrimination on the developmental outcomes and integration of immigrant children and adolescents. Three scientific databases were systematically searched up to June 11, 2021. A total of k = 4,769 identified publications were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in terms of the PICOS format by independent reviewers. Thirty-four primary studies published between 1998 and 2021 met all inclusion criteria. The samples examined were mainly migrant youth (k = 30), with only k = 2 studies assessing refugee youth and k = 1 study assessing both migrant and refugee youth. The majority of included studies assessed perceived discrimination, with only k = 1 study directly assessing experiences of racism. The association between discrimination or racism and developmental outcomes was assessed by the included studies within the three main topics of (a) mental and physical health-related outcomes (k = 30, e.g., self-esteem, depressive symptoms), (b) school-related outcomes (k = 6, e.g., academic achievement), and (c) other developmental outcomes (k = 13, e.g., misconduct or delinquency). Data collection procedures were implemented, and findings on minors’ developmental outcomes and integration process who experience discrimination and racism were summarized and discussed. The current review suggests experienced (racial) discrimination as a negative predictor of children and adolescents’ (mental) health-related outcomes, while no clear results could be found for the association between discrimination and school-related outcomes. A need for more empirical research focusing on the path and (possibly) indirect link between discrimination and children and adolescents’ school-related outcomes as well as resulting school recommendations and the chosen career path was derived.

FACIL-ICT is a Pilot project in Nsawam/Adoagyiri and Suhum municipalities in the Eastern region of Ghana. The project seeks to discover new possibilities for effectively improving communication between the people in rural communities and local government structures in the Municipalities through Information Communication Technology (ICT). It intends to build on current structures and practices to develop a two-way communication system between local government structures and the people in dispersed rural communities within the municipalities to provide information on health and social welfare service delivery.

The book explores the question of what consequences young prisoners see as a result of the resocialization measures, how they perceive the help they receive and what meaning they give them in their lives. To this end, the study draws on the narratives of young people who have been transferred to so-called “free forms of punishment” as part of their imprisonment. By breaking down these narratives in detail, specific, individual consequences for the people concerned can be made visible, even beyond intended expectations of impact.

Externalizing behavioural disorders (EBD) among pupils are constantly on the rise in schools, which can also lead to mental illness among teachers (Vorwerk et al., 2016). At the same time, there is currently a lack of teachers in Germany. Therefore, the consideration of possible regulatory strategies for EBD in schools appears to be an important research perspective. This study initially focuses on presenting the current state of research with the help of a systematic review. In conjunction with this, a meta-analysis was carried out on the influence of various factors of the teacher-student-relationship on EBD. A mixed-methods survey of qualitative and quantitative data in special schools for emotional and social development and in integrated mainstream schools enabled further questions to be investigated. Data on the burdens experienced by teachers, their emotions and experiences with EBD were collected and analyzed. The results speak for the high significance of the teacher-student-relationship for the regulation of EBD in pupils. At the same time, a high level of psychological stress among teachers was identified in both types of schools. The qualitative data also highlighted important relationship factors such as empathy, trust, authenticity and closeness to the pupils.