Flexibilität im Mittelstand – eine multiperspektivische Analyse der Schaffung des nachhaltigen Wettbewerbsvorteils in eigentümergeführten Familienunternehmen

Abstract

German family businesses are the backbone of the German economy. With exceptional innovative capacity and a strong sense of responsibility, the families behind these traditional enterprises have guided Germany through multiple crises and transitions. Despite their substantial significance, uncertainties still exist as to why family businesses exhibit such resilience. Their intergenerational drive and unique corporate culture distinguish them from larger, far more visible companies. Given that most family businesses achieve market leadership unnoticed within niches, the mystery surrounding the success of this critical sector of the German economy endures. The aim of this dissertation is to discover how the sustainable competitive advantage of family businesses is driven by the person at the heart of the company: the owner-manager. This intersection of ownership and management is the unique characteristic of Germany's typical so-called Mittelstand. Using a multi-method approach, this study examines how the flexibility of the owner-manager, through the development of innovation, influences competitive advantage. The owner-manager is where the corporate and family systems overlap. The multiperspective approach of this dissertation addresses a holistic aim, allowing a comprehensive exploration of the uniqueness of German family businesses. The result of the study is a multi-stage model demonstrating that the long-term success of family businesses depends in many ways on the personal flexibility of the owner-manager. However, the secret of success cannot be captured in numbers and data alone. A key factor is the owner-manager's intuition – the often-highlighted gut feeling. In an integrative manner, qualitative and quantitative results are combined to create an in-depth approach that explains how the German Mittelstand has crafted success stories over decades and centuries that the rest of the world admires.