University of Siegen
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Publication Access status: Open Access , Remote control of the synthesis of a [2]rotaxane and its shuttling via metal-ion translocation(2019); ; Remote control in an eight-component network commanded both the synthesis and shuttling of a [2]rotaxane via metal-ion translocation, the latter being easily monitored by distinct colorimetric and fluorimetric signals. Addition of zinc(II) ions to the red colored copper-ion relay station rapidly liberated copper(I) ions and afforded the corresponding zinc complex that was visualized by a bright sky blue fluorescence at 460 nm. In a mixture of all eight components of the network, the liberated copper(I) ions were translocated to a macrocycle that catalyzed formation of a rotaxane by a double-click reaction of acetylenic and diazide compounds. The shuttling frequency in the copper-loaded [2]rotaxane was determined to k298=30 kHz (ΔH≠=62.3±0.6 kJ mol−1, ΔS≠=50.1±5.1 J mol−1 K−1, ΔG≠298=47.4 kJ mol−1). Removal of zinc(II) ions from the mixture reversed the system back generating the metal-free rotaxane. Further alternate addition and removal of Zn2+ reversibly controlled the shuttling mode of the rotaxane in this eight-component network where the ion translocation status was monitored by the naked eye.Source Type:Article1 7 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Doing Lernbegleitung(2019)The study “Doing Lernbegleitung. Hochschullernwerkstätten als Orte der Generationenvermittlung” addresses the so-called first phase of teacher training at German universities. Based on an examination of the special features of the research field of university learning workshops, the study explores the question of how teacher trainees are confronted with the pedagogical concepts of individualization as well as open and informal education. It focuses the introduction to a specific professional understanding of teachers as learning companions within the framework of the practical project “Werkstatt für Kinder” of the university learning workshop OASE at the University of Siegen: Thus, the implementation of the conceptual self-understanding in the social practice will be focused on. In order to ethnographically explore learning companionship as a specific bundle of social practices, both the preparation for the “Werkstatt für Kinder” within the student peer group and the social construction of students as learning companions for children will be examined. This approach allows to successively describe typical challenges of both students and children as well as the associated specific fields of tension and conflicts of the pedagogical setting of the university learning workshop from an empirically based perspective. The study is characterized by a very personal approach to the field and thus an involved researcher position, which is used as an analytical tool in the research process. The empirical results are presented according to the unfolding of social practice in the field and then linked to two theoretical frameworks, generational order as well as (pedagogical) spaces and things. Thus, learning companionship is reconstructed as a bundle of specific social practices situated in the OASE university learning workshop, which can be explored and described as the production of generational order embracing the triad of human actors, spaces and things. This theoretical and analytical perspective challenges the normative understanding contrasting “traditional” and “alternative” pedagogic concepts (for example differences between teaching and learning companionship or between children and students) by describing differences as an effect and medium of social practice.Source Type:Doctoral Thesis3 10 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Delay of gratification, delay discounting and their associations with age, episodic future thinking, and future time perspectiveThe delay of gratification (DoG) in children is widely investigated with an experimental procedure originally called the “marshmallow test,” whereas the studies on self-regulation (SR) in adolescents and adults usually use self-report questionnaires. Delay discounting (DD) measures simplify the DoG procedure and focus on monetary rewards. The aim of this study was to investigate age differences in DoG and DD from childhood to old age using a test that is suitable for both children and adults. Furthermore, investigations were conducted on the association between DoG/DD and two future orientation constructs [future time perspective (FTP) and episodic future thinking (EFT)] as well as age differences in these constructs. Participants from five age groups (9–14, 18–25, 35–55, 65–80, 80+) participated in the study (N = 96). While we found no age difference for DoG, DD was the lowest [i.e., self-control (SC) was the highest] in young/middle adults; however, it was the highest (i.e., SC was the lowest) in children and old/oldest adults. Furthermore, we found significant age differences for DD and FTP. As predicted, there were strong correlations between DoG and FTP and between DD and FTP, but not between DoG/DD and EFT. These results indicate that age differences in SR vary across themeasures used. Individuals who generally think and act in a future-oriented manner have a stronger ability to delay gratification.Source Type:Article5 17 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , "Same procedure as last year?" Repeatedly tracked swifts show individual consistency in migration pattern in successive yearsIndividual migration pattern during non-breeding season is still a black box in many migratory birds. However, knowledge on both individual level and population level in migration and overwintering is fundamental to understand the life cycle of these birds and the constraints affecting them. We showed in a highly aerial migrant, the common swift Apus apus, that repeatedly tracked birds breeding at one site in Germany used the same individual-specific migration routes and wintering areas in subsequent years. In contrast, different individuals from the same breeding colony showed diverse movement patterns during non-breeding season suggesting that several suitable areas for overwintering coexist. We found lower variation in timing of autumn and spring migration within than between individuals. Our findings provide first indication of individual consistency but between-individual variation in migration pattern in a small non-passerine bird revealed by geolocators. This supports that swifts have diverse but individual-specific ‘step-by-step’ migration patterns revealing high flexibility through individual strategies.Source Type:Article4 16 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Are lovers ever one? Reconstructing the union theory of love(2018)Current analytical philosophies of romantic love tend to identify the essence of such love with one specific element, such as concern for the beloved person, valuing the beloved person or the union between the lovers. This paper will deal with different forms of the union theory of love which takes love to be the physical, psychic or ontological union of two persons. Prima facie, this theory might appear to be implausible because it has several contra-intuitive implications, and yet, I submit, it is more coherent and attractive than it seems to be. I shall distinguish three specific models and thereby offer a differentiated account of the union theory which has not previously been provided in the literature (1). I will claim that two of these models (the strong ontological model and the striving model) should be rejected (2). I shall then defend the third model (the moderate ontological model) against certain possible objections (3); but nevertheless, I shall conclude by showing how this model, too, faces further significant objections which ultimately expose the limits of the union theory of love (4). In conclusion, I will sketch the outlines of a non-reductive cluster theory of love.Source Type:Article4 13
