Ohmann, Robin
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Publication Access status: Metadata only , Tin Halide Perovskite Epitaxial Films on Gold Surfaces: Atomic Structure and StabilityTin‐based halide perovskite solar cells can be efficient and environmentally friendly substitutions to lead‐based halide perovskite solar cells, but they have a drawback due to oxidation from Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ . Using vacuum deposition, epitaxially aligned CsSnBr 3 ultrathin films are prepared on Au(111) and Au(100) and characterized with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By co‐evaporation of the precursor molecules CsBr and SnBr 2 , few monolayers of perovskite are obtained. On Au(111), CsSnBr 3 grows in three differently oriented domains due to the hexagonal symmetry of the substrate. On Au(100), which has square symmetry, identical to CsSnBr 3 , but with about half the lattice constant of the perovskite, a (2×2) superstructure is observed. The perovskite is terminated with the (001) facet showing a square surface structure in agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Chemical analysis is performed in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions and no indication of a tin oxidation state higher than Sn 2+ is found in the films. However, after exposure to air, rapid and severe changes in the films are observed, highlighting the importance of preparing tin perovskites in a controlled environment to maintain their stability and avoid oxidation‐related issues.Source Type:Article3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Metadata only , Transition from fractal-dendritic to compact islands for the 2D-ferroelectric SnSe on graphene/Ir(111)Epitaxial growth is a versatile method to prepare two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectrics like group IV monochalcogenides which have potential for novel electronic devices and sensors. We systematically study SnSe monolayer islands grown by molecular beam epitaxy, especially the effect of annealing temperature on shape and morphology of the edges. Characterization of the samples by scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that the shape of the islands changes from fractal-dendritic after deposition at room temperature to a compact rhombic shape through annealing, but ripening processes are absent up to the desorption temperature. A two-step growth process leads to large, epitaxially aligned rhombic islands bounded by well-defined $\left\langle 110\right\rangle $ -edges (armchair-like), which we claim to be the equilibrium shape of the stoichiometric SnSe monolayer islands. The relaxation of the energetically favorable edges is detected in atomically resolved STM images. The experimental findings are supported by the results of our first-principles calculations, which provide insights into the energetics of the edges, their reconstructions, and yields the equilibrium shapes of the islands which are in good agreement with the experiment.Source Type:Article2
