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    A Distributed and Secure Self-Sovereign-Based Framework for Systems of Systems
    Security and privacy are among the main challenges in the systems of systems. The distributed ledger technology and self-sovereign identity pave the way to empower systems and users’ security and privacy. By utilizing both technologies, this paper proposes a distributed and self-sovereign-based framework for systems of systems to increase the security of such a system and maintain users’ privacy. We conducted an extensive security analysis of the proposed framework using a threat model based on the STRIDE framework, highlighting the mitigation provided by the proposed framework compared to the traditional SoS security. The analysis shows the feasibility of the proposed framework, affirming its capability to establish a secure and privacy-preserving identity management system for systems of systems.
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      5
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    A Reliable System-of-Systems Healthcare Monitoring Framework
    System-of-systems (SoS) have recently been used in several applications and scenarios in the field of safety, defense, and healthcare. In an SoS environment, the entire system is divided into sub-systems, which provides more flexibility and reduces the management cost of the entire system. SoS have been widely used in healthcare monitoring services, where patients are provided with medical sensors that send their medical measurements to a remote unit for further processing and decision-making. These sensors communicate with an access point using the wireless channel, which gives patients flexibility in mobility and makes the monitoring system more convenient and comfortable. However, sending data over the wireless channel presents several challenges, such as contention between the different sensors in accessing the channel and the bit errors associated with the noisy wireless channel. In this paper, an SoS healthcare monitoring framework is proposed, where a wireless communication protocol is proposed that addresses the sensors’ node network access contention and mitigates the bit errors of the communication channel by providing forward error correction bits to the transmitted packets. In addition, the protocol takes into consideration the sensors’ importance and criticality, such that more important sensors are given more network access time and more error correction bits, which in turn results in a robust transmission process with low transmission delay. The simulation results show the proposed wireless communication protocol’s effectiveness in lowering the packet loss, giving higher priority and having higher throughput for the more critical sensors.
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      1
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    Publication
    Metascheduling Using Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization for Fault Tolerance in Time-Triggered IoT-WSN
    In time-triggered systems, adaptation is performed by using metascheduling approaches to ensure temporal predictability. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are growing to be used as a reliable, an energy-efficient, and a scalable network infrastructure for numerous Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Because of run-time changes because of failure events, a metascheduling system is required to address the changes by precomputing schedules for several context events at design time. Therefore, this paper proposes a metascheduler that solves a new scheduling problem for each adaptation scenario in IoT-WSN using our offline algorithm named discrete particle swarm optimization for reliable task allocation (DPSO-TA), resulting in a multi-schedule graph that combines the repeated schedules. In this work, a time-triggered IoT-WSN metascheduler is proposed that takes into considerations the node or link failures that are common in WSN. Single and two failure events are considered, where a graph for all feasible schedules is formed at the network design time. Such a large number of schedules causes a state space explosion problem, which is managed using a re-convergence method. Different application model sizes and network topologies are used to assess the proposed metascheduler under various failure event scenarios. The results show a reduction in the size of the multi-schedule graph by applying inputs with different deadline values and different number of tasks. Furthermore, the validity suggested by the proposed metascheduler, which is the ratio of valid to invalid schedules, is improved when compared to algorithms that schedule tasks to hosts with the shortest completion time or algorithms that select hosts for a set of sorted tasks based on energy consumed and task arrival time.
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      1