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    Publication
    Decoupled Boundary Handling in SPH
    PArticle-based boundary representations are frequently used in smoothed pArticle hydrodynamics (SPH) due to their simple integration into fluid solvers. Commonly, incompressible fluid solvers estimate the current density and corresponding forces in case the current density exceeds the rest density to push fluid pArticles apart. Close to the boundary, the calculation of the fluid pArticles’ density involves both neighboring fluid and neighboring boundary pArticles, yielding an overestimation of density, and, subsequently, wrong pressure forces and wrong velocities leading to the disturbed fluid pArticles’ behavior in the vicinity of the boundary. In this paper, we present a detailed explanation of this disturbed fluid pArticle behavior, which is mainly due to the combined or coupled handling of the fluid–fluid pArticle and the fluid–boundary pArticle interaction. We propose the decoupled handling of both interaction types, leading to two densities for a given fluid pArticle, i.e., fluid-induced density and boundary-induced density. In our approach, we alternately apply the corresponding fluid-induced and boundary-induced forces during pressure estimation. This separation avoids force overestimation and reduces unintended fluid dynamics near the boundary, as well as a inconsistent fluid–boundary distance across different fluid amounts and different pArticle-based boundary handling methods. We compare our method with two regular state-of-the-art methods in different experiments and show how our method handles detailed boundary shapes.
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    Evaluation of pArticle‐based smoothed pArticle hydrodynamics boundary handling approaches in computer animation
    Boundary handling is an important aspect of fluid simulation, and several boundary handling approaches exist in smoothed pArticle hydrodynamics (SPH), which have individual strengths and weaknesses. However, comparing different boundary handling approaches is challenging as there is no common basis for evaluations, that is, no universal set of experiments with quantitative evaluation across different methods, especially within computer animation where many evaluations rely mainly on visual perception. This Article proposes a set of experiments to aid the evaluation of the main categories of fluid‐boundary interactions that are important in computer animation, that is, no motion (resting) fluid, tangential and normal motion of a fluid with respect to the boundary, and a fluid impacting a corner . We propose ten experiments, comprising experimental setup and quantitative evaluation with optional visual inspections, that are arranged in four groups which focus on one of the main category of fluid‐boundary interactions. We use these experiments to evaluate three pArticle‐based boundary handling methods, that is, pressure mirroring, pressure boundaries, and moving least squares pressure extrapolation, in combination with two incompressible SPH fluid simulation methods, namely IISPH and DFSPH, to establish a quantifiable relation between different combinations of boundary handling with simulation approaches and the main categories of fluid‐boundary interactions. Finally, we summarize all results in a rating table and show how our experiments can be used to determine the promising method for specific requirements regarding a given constellation of fluid‐boundary interaction.
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    Publication
    PATTERN RECOGNITION OF ROUGH SURFACES BY USING GONIOMETRIC SCATTERED LIGHT
    Nowadays, most techniques for evaluating rough metal surfaces are based on tactile or confocal measurement procedures.However, these technologies have disadvantages in respect to measuring speeds, resistance to vibration, impact and dust.In this paper we present a novel surface measurement approach, which uses the scattering light technology.Our approach enhances the state-of-the-art scattering light-based surface measurement methodology in both the detector setup and evaluation of the raw intensity values acquired by the scattered light device.The main goal in optimizing the measurement setup is to capture scattering parameters for rough surfaces in a range greater than 10 µm based on an enlarged detector array.Regarding the evaluation, we propose a pattern recognition approach which maps the reflection intensity I back to material structures and the tenpoint mean roughness Rz, the golden standard in tactile roughness characterization.Based on this approach, we are able to classify rough surface deviations like stripes using a simple but robust thresholding.In order to demonstrate the generality of our approach, we evaluate our approach using two rather different materials, i.e. brushed stainless steel and anodized aluminium.
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