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    Design of Aurone‐Based Dual‐State Emissive (DSE) Fluorophores
    The development of dual‐state emissive (DSE) fluorophores, i. e. organic molecules showing balanced emission in both solution and as molecular solids, has recently become an emerging approach in material science, biology, sensing, and optoelectronics. However, the majority of existing DSE fluorophores represents structural modifications of the scaffolds known for their aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties, e. g., tetraphenylethylenes (TFE), triphenylamines (TFA), and others. In this study, we introduce aurones as an easily accessible scaffold for the construction of DSE fluorophores and describe the main design principles allowing to achieve the balanced emission in both solution and solid state. Herein, we present the solid‐state fluorescence in a systematic series of aurone derivatives for the first time. We propose that the newly found DSE properties of aurones in combination with their established biological activity can be applied efficiently in biomedical studies and diagnostic tools.
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    Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Energy Transfer in Cucurbituril‐Based Supramolecular Systems
    Supramolecular systems demonstrating resonance energy transfer have recently became a topical area on the borderline of supramolecular chemistry, photochemistry, photophysics and biology. The modularity of supramolecular interactions is a prerequisite for fine tuning of optical properties, which is difficult to achieve by other means. As a component of such systems, cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) macrocycles can play a wide spectrum of roles from anchoring of FRET pairs and modulation of the optical output to providing biocompatibility of FRET stains for cell imaging. The aim of this Review is to outline the development of the CB[n]‐based systems with fluorescence (FRET) and phosphorescence (TS‐FRET) energy transfer and to highlight achievements, challenges and perspectives of this fascinating combination of a classical photophysical process and a classical supramolecular host. Particular attention in this Review is given to the current and potential applications of the reviewed systems.
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    Selective Fluorimetric Detection of Pyrimidine Nucleotides in Neutral Aqueous Solution with a Styrylpyridine-Based Cyclophane
    A styrylpyridine-containing cyclophane with diethylenetriamine linkers is presented as a host system whose association with representative nucleotides was examined with photometric and fluorimetric titrations. The spectrometric titrations revealed the formation of 1:1 complexes with log Kb values in the range of 2.3–3.2 for pyrimidine nucleotides TMP (thymidine monophosphate), TTP (thymidine triphosphate) and CMP (cytidine monophosphate) and 3.8–5.0 for purine nucleotides AMP (adenosine monophosphate), ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and dGMP (deoxyguanosine monophosphate). Notably, in a neutral buffer solution, the fluorimetric response to the complex formation depends on the type of nucleotide. Hence, quenching of the already weak fluorescence was observed with the purine bases, whereas the association of the cyclophane with pyrimidine bases TMP, TTP, and CMP resulted in a significant fluorescence light-up effect. Thus, it was demonstrated that the styrylpyridine unit is a useful and complementary fluorophore for the development of selective nucleotide-targeting fluorescent probes based on alkylamine-linked cyclophanes.
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