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Publication Access status: Open Access , Mentales Zeitreisen mit Kant(2025)The ability to mentally travel in time is something we take for granted every day. In everyday life, we rarely or never reflect on how much remembering and how much imagining we experience in the course of a day, or on how our current thoughts and actions are shaped by past experiences and future goals. However, if this ability were damaged or even disappeared, as can happen in the case of dementia, for example, the question arises: who would we be without our memories and without our wishes, expectations, and goals? Therefore, thinking about mental time travel means thinking about an ability that defines us as human beings. However, Kant did not write much about memories and imagination, nor did he consider psychology to be a science. By referring to Kant's reconstructed theory of perception and using the transcendental philosophical theory of subjectivity (transzendentale Subjektivitätstheorie) as developed by Gerold Prauss (1990 ff.) allows us to incorporate Kant and Kantian vocabulary into a modern debate on mental time travel. Kant's theory of perception must first be extended to include the components of the past and the future. Strictly speaking, this addition is a further development of Kant's theory, as it acknowledges and incorporates empirical findings using Kantian vocabulary. The way in which we generate memories and imagination is basically the same. We need productive imagination (produktive Einbildungskraft) in both acts in order to achieve a time frame other than the present. We also need reproductive imagination (reproduktive Einbildungskraft) for both processes in order, to represent an object or event. Episodic remembering and imagination are about events in my past and future, not anyone else's. The decisive factor in my accepting of a memory or an imagination as my own is my consciousness. Based on a form of my self-awareness that is considered actual as well as the awareness that others (objects, events...) are actual (Selbst- / Fremdverwirklichungsbewusstsein, Friebe 2005) in the original perception, my remembering and imaging counts as a form of my self-awareness that can place itself and others in different times (Selbst- / Fremdverzeitlichungsbewusstsein). The latter can only be activated if there is any experience at all to which I can refer, from which I can derive something - whether as a memory or an imagination. Both acts are based on the subject's ability to reflect. This means that mental time travelling is initially only accessible to experienced individuals who consciously strive to perform these acts. However, memories are more prone to error. The possibilities for error described in this paper therefore also highlight the differences between remembering and imagining. These differences can provide new insights into the ongoing debate on mental time travel, which is currently dominated by two opposing theories: causal theories and simulation theories. The extended Kantian theory is a hybrid of the two.Source Type:Master Thesis5 6 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Persistenz im Growing-Block-Universum(2024)Perdurantists have not yet reflected on opportunities through novelties in the Growing-Block-Theory (GBT) since Correia & Rosenkranz published their book "Nothing to Come" in 2018. With these novelties, perdurantists can claim existing wholes at a time where they are not temporally located, causing a better compatibility between GBT and perdurantism in comparison with eternalism. These temporally-expanding-wholes may help clarify what the dynamic Nature of the Growing-Block-Universe can look like in concrete entities. While perduranitsm and the GBT itself seem to gain great benefits from intertwining both of these theories, endurantism may face significant challenges in this GBT variant. Multilocation of enduring things and and the constant Growth of the Block seem incompatible and must be explained through other new things then relocated enduring entities.Source Type:Master Thesis5 25 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Pietro Pomponazzi and the Renaissance theory of the elements(2024)In medieval and early modern natural philosophy, very few issues were as controversial as the nature of the elements. From the thirteenth up until the sixteenth century, European thinkers discussed this problem with growing interest. Defining the nature of the elements was key to deciphering the very structure of the universe and the essence of things. Along with five primary texts, here edited for the first time, this book discusses one of the most original contributions to this debate, that of Renaissance philosopher Pietro Pomponazzi (d. 1525). Pomponazzi’s account, developed in university lectures, holds significance for two reasons. First, it provides a thorough description of the most influential doctrines on the elements presented by medieval scholars, opening a window onto three hundred years of prior discussions on the topic. Second, Pomponazzi also develops his own views on the issue, explicitly defining them as ‘heretical’ to emphasise his departure from all opinions expressed before him.Source Type:Book6 8 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Sympathie als praktische Teilnehmung(2024)Es ist bis heute eine Standardinterpretation der §§ 34 und 35 der Tugendlehre, dass Kant darin die teilnehmende Empfindung als indirekte Pflicht beschreibe, die allein der Pflicht der Wohltätigkeit förderlich sei. Diese Interpretation ist, wie schon Melissa Fahmy gezeigt hat, falsch. Ich werde durch textgenaue Analysen die adäquate Lesart weiter bekräftigen und also Kants Teilnehmungs-These entfalten, wonach die praktische Teilnehmung (wie ich sie nennen werde) die direkte Liebespflicht ist, sich frei und vernünftig durch die sympathetischen Gefühle (Mitleid, Mitfreude) zu bestimmen und diese Gefühle zu kommunizieren. Ich werde aber zugleich zeigen, dass Kants Kultivierungs-These (es ist indirekte Pflicht, die sympathetischen Gefühle zu kultivieren) auf die Kultivierung der natürlichen ästhetischen Gefühle im Sinne der humanitas aesthetica bezogen ist, nicht auf die praktischen (rationalisierten) Mitgefühle (humanitas practica). Ich zeige außerdem, dass der Gebrauch dieser Gefühle (so Kants Mittel-These) nicht auf die Pflicht der Wohltätigkeit bezogen ist, sondern dass es die Aufgabe dieser Gefühle ist, im Falle einer nicht hinreichend genuin moralischen Motivation der Pflicht der Teilnehmung dennoch nachzukommen.Source Type:Other4 24 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Wirklichkeitsmodelle und Postfaktizität(2023-06-14)Rein binärlogisch strukturierte Beschreibungsprogramme scheitern bei dem Versuch, gegenwärtige Wirklichkeitszustände adäquat zu erklären. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht in der Aufstellung eines differenzierten, medienepistemologischen Beschreibungsmodells, mit dessen Hilfe den moralisierenden Erkenntnisauffassungen einer postfaktischen Behauptungslogik begegnet wird. Es wird daher nach einer erkenntnistheoretischen Mittelposition gefahndet, die die kompositionelle Differenzordnung von Medientexten als Vorbild nimmt. Nur mit dieser kann das unlängst erodierende Fakt-/Fiktionsverhältnis miteinander in Einklang gebracht werden. Dazu verknüpft die Studie medienphilosophische respektive medienerkenntnistheoretische Vorstellungen mit medienanalytischen Methoden. Die Bedeutung der Arbeit generiert sich aus der Auflösung exkludierender Vorstellungen mithilfe eines kompositionell aufgestellten Beschreibungsmodells.Source Type:DissertationSeries:Reihe Medienwissenschaften2 2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Kants Philosophie der MaximenThe main purposes of this work are to examine (1) what Kant means by subjectivity when he defines maxims as subjective practical principles and (2) how maxims and practical laws relate to each other according to Kant. Taking into account the secondary literature, I distinguish four possible concepts of subjectivity and four possible concepts of objectivity. I then show that the concept of subjectivity ascribed to maxims and the concept of objectivity ascribed to practical laws are not mutually exclusive concepts. Maxims (in the strict Kantian sense) are subjective only in the sense that they express the element of individual self-determination in acting. I then test those conclusions by analysing Kant’s concrete use of the concept of maxim in his main moral writings. I also show that this interpretation leads to some important conclusions concerning Kant’s theory of action, namely: that every freely performed action presupposes a maxim, that the moral agent may never formulate in his mind some of his maxims and that maxims are not prescriptive principles. Finally, I explore Kant’s image of a practical syllogism formulated in a passage of the second Critique and give a reconstruction of its form. I then argue that this reconstruction can shed new light on the relation between maxims and practical laws.Source Type:Doctoral Thesis7 43 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Mit Wittgenstein Arbeiten(2022); The manual offers access to the methodology in Ludwig Wittgenstein's middle writings and late work in the form of 10 issues. Backgrounds, quotations in context, as well as more far-reaching questions and references are clearly presented. This provides an initial orientation with regard to the essential cornerstones of a praxeologically oriented philosophy of language. Central theorems such as grammatical investigation, description, language play, family resemblance are presented in depth and in their intellectual context. In its survey-like form, this manual aims at a theoretical and practical understanding of Wittgenstein's philosophy as a form of work and thus at an opening up of Wittgenstein's philosophy as an equally practicable and thoroughgoing approach in the spectrum of scientific-critical methodologies.Source Type:BookSeries:Working paper series / SFB 1187 Medien der KooperationVolume number:242 7 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Die argumentative Funktion und Geltung naturwissenschaftlicher Rekurse bei Friedrich Kittler(2020-05-27)Medienwissenschaften kommen als kritisch-theoretische oder soziologisch-empirische Untersuchung von Kommunikationstechnologie nicht umhin, mit natur-, geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Konzepten zu operieren. Welche Probleme solch disziplinäres Grenzgängertum mit sich bringen kann, zeigte die berüchtigte Sokal-Affäre, im Zuge derer der „elegante Unsinn“, der in der geisteswissenschaftlichen Postmoderne mit Rekursen auf Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften getrieben wird, ins kritische Scheinwerferlicht rückte. Wie und wann beziehen sich Medienwissenschaftler auf Naturwissenschaften und was bedeutet das für eine Disziplin, deren Curricula keinerlei mathematische Ausbildung vorsehen? Am Beispiel des Werkes Friedrich Kittlers diskutiert diese Arbeit, wie naturwissenschaftliche Rekurse in den Medienwissenschaften nicht nur wegen eines notwendig interdisziplinären Gegenstandes, sondern mit argumentativ-diskursiver Funktion, und damit zumindest potentiell missbräuchlich im Sinne Sokals, eingesetzt werden.Source Type:BookSeries:Reihe Medienwissenschaften2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Practice as a collective and knowledgeable doingThis paper explores the relationship between knowledge and practice, knowledgeable practices, knowing in practice and knowledge as a situated activity. It traces a tradition of sociological thought in practice theories that derives from studies of scientifc knowledge and that challenges the conventional understanding of the ‘social’ as human-centred. The understanding of practice is grounded in an actor-network approach and in feminist Science and Technology Studies. In fact, the precursors of the empirical study of knowing in situ were the so-called laboratory studies, and section 1 presents their contributions to the study of knowledge practices. Later, section 2 proposes a post- humanist practice theory that joins other post-epistemologies in the project of decentring the human subject as the main source of action and moving from a formulation of practice theory as ‘humans and their practices’ to a vision of practice as the entanglement of humans, materialities, discourses, knowledges and any other relevant element in the situated activities. The aim of the paper is to interpret practice as an empirical phenomenon; therefore, sections 3, 4 and 5 illustrate the core assumptions: i) the sensory and elusive knowledges embedded in knowing in practice; ii) realities as enacted in practices; and iii) interdependent practices as woven in a texture of practices.Source Type:BookDOI:10.25819/ubsi/40Series:Working paper series / SFB 1187 Medien der KooperationVolume number:85 10 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Access status: Open Access , Normative Orientierungen im Digitalzeitalter : Antrittsvorlesung Universität Siegen am 14. November 2018(2018)Die Aspekte der Digitalisierungsdynamik werden im Lichte unterschiedlicher philosophischer Paradigmen untersucht. Gefragt wird nach der Möglichkeit normativer Orientierung im Digitalzeitalter aus der Perspektive von Zweckrationalität, Wertrationalität und ethischer Rationalität. Menschenwürde und Zukunftsverantwortung bilden dabei den moral point of view.Source Type:Other1 4
